{"id":3391,"date":"2026-06-19T01:04:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T01:04:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radio-newyork.com\/?p=3391"},"modified":"2026-06-19T01:04:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T01:04:36","slug":"ovaj-hrvatski-grad-nekoc-je-bio-samostalna-drzava-imao-je-predsjednika-zastavu-novac-i-vlastite-postanske-marke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radio-newyork.com\/?p=3391","title":{"rendered":"Ovaj hrvatski grad neko\u0107 je bio samostalna dr\u017eava! Imao je predsjednika, zastavu, novac i vlastite po\u0161tanske marke"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Slobodna Dr\u017eava Rijeka postojala je od 1920. do 1924. godine, a njezina kratka povijest bila je obilje\u017eena sukobima, prevratima i velikim silama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zamislite grad u dana\u0161njoj Hrvatskoj koji je po\u010detkom 1920-ih imao vlastitu vladu, zastavu, po\u0161tanske marke i novac u optjecaju. Grad \u010dije su neovisno postojanje prihvatile i podr\u017eavale neke od najmo\u0107nijih dr\u017eava toga vremena poput SAD-a, Francuske<\/a> i Velike Britanije. Zvu\u010di prili\u010dno nevjerojatno, ali upravo je Rijeka<\/a> Rapallskim ugovorom iz 1920. progla\u0161ena slobodnom i neovisnom dr\u017eavom. Njezina je dr\u017eavnost pravno trajala do velja\u010de 1924. godine, premda je stvarna autonomna vlast bila znatno kra\u0107a i obilje\u017eena stalnim politi\u010dkim sukobima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAKO JE SVE PO\u010cELO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata i raspada Austro-Ugarske Rijeka se na\u0161la u iznimno slo\u017eenom polo\u017eaju. Za grad su se sporile Kraljevina Italija<\/a> i novonastala Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, dok velike sile na Pari\u0161koj mirovnoj konferenciji nisu uspijevale prona\u0107i rje\u0161enje koje bi zadovoljilo obje strane. U gradu su se smjenjivale razli\u010dite uprave, a politi\u010dka napetost iz dana u dan postajala je sve ve\u0107a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U takvu je Rijeku 12. rujna 1919. sa skupinom naoru\u017eanih dragovoljaca i pobunjenih talijanskih vojnika u\u0161ao pjesnik, ratni heroj i pustolov Gabriele D\u2019Annunzio. Preuzeo je vlast u gradu, a 8. rujna 1920. proglasio Talijansko namjesni\u0161tvo Kvarnera, poznato pod izvornim nazivom Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DR\u017dAVA U KOJOJ JE GLAZBA BILA USTAVNO NA\u010cELO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Za D\u2019Annunzijevo namjesni\u0161tvo izra\u0111ena je Kvarnerska povelja, neobi\u010dan ustavni dokument \u010diji je temeljni nacrt napisao revolucionarni sindikalist Alceste De Ambris, dok ga je D\u2019Annunzio preradio i dao mu poetski karakter. Dokument je za svoje doba sadr\u017eavao niz naprednih ideja. Propisivao je jednakost gra\u0111ana bez obzira na spol, rasu, jezik, dru\u0161tveni polo\u017eaj i vjeru, predvi\u0111ao politi\u010dka prava \u017eena te jam\u010dio slobodu mi\u0161ljenja, tiska, okupljanja i vjeroispovijesti. U njemu su se spominjale i socijalna pomo\u0107 u slu\u010daju bolesti i nezaposlenosti te skrb za gra\u0111ane u starosti<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najneobi\u010dnija odredba nalazila se u 64. \u010dlanku, u kojem je glazba progla\u0161ena dru\u0161tvenom i religijskom ustanovom. D\u2019Annunzio je glazbi i umjetnosti namijenio va\u017eno mjesto u javnom \u017eivotu, jer ih je smatrao sastavnim dijelom politi\u010dke zajednice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Istodobno su njegov kult vo\u0111e, militarizam, masovni govori, politi\u010dki rituali i teatralne ceremonije najavili neke elemente koje \u0107e poslije preuzeti talijanski fa\u0161izam. Zbog toga ga povjesni\u010dari \u010desto navode kao jednog od Mussolinijevih prethodnika, iako je Kvarnerska povelja sadr\u017eavala i ideje koje se ne mogu jednostavno svrstati u fa\u0161isti\u010dku ideologiju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOGA\u0110AJ KOJI JE OSTAO UPAM\u0106EN KAO KRVAVI BO\u017dI\u0106<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019Annunzijeva vlast nije dugo trajala. Italija i Kraljevina SHS potpisale su 12. studenoga 1920. Rapallski ugovor, kojim su prihvatile potpunu slobodu i neovisnost Dr\u017eave Rijeka. D\u2019Annunzio je sporazum odbio priznati i proglasio ratno stanje prema Italiji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regularne talijanske snage napale su njegove polo\u017eaje tijekom posljednjih dana prosinca 1920. godine. U sukobima poznatim kao Krvavi Bo\u017ei\u0107 sudjelovale su kopnene snage i ratna mornarica, koja je granatirala dijelove grada i D\u2019Annunzijevo zapovjedno sredi\u0161te. Nakon nekoliko dana borbi D\u2019Annunzio je pristao odstupiti, a Rijeku je napustio u sije\u010dnju 1921. godine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SLOBODNA DR\u017dAVA RIJEKA I GESLO \u201eRIJEKA RIJE\u010cANIMA\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nakon njegova odlaska po\u010delo je stvarno uspostavljanje Slobodne Dr\u017eave Rijeke, na talijanskom Stato Libero di Fiume. Odr\u017eani su izbori, formirana je skup\u0161tina, a na \u010delo dr\u017eave do\u0161ao je autonomist Riccardo Zanella. Program autonoma\u0161kog pokreta sa\u017eimalo je geslo \u201eRijeka Rije\u010danima\u201d, odnosno \u201eFiume ai Fiumani\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr\u017eava je imala vlastitu upravu, predsjednika, skup\u0161tinu, zastavu i po\u0161tanska izdanja. U optjecaju je bila rije\u010dka kruna, nastala pe\u010da\u0107enjem nekada\u0161njih austrougarskih nov\u010danica. Za novu dr\u017eavu pripremao se i poseban ustav, ali zbog stalnih politi\u010dkih sukoba nikada nije stabilno usvojen i proveden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bila je to dr\u017eava na svega dvadesetak \u010detvornih kilometara, ali s velikim simboli\u010dkim zna\u010denjem. Rijeka je stolje\u0107ima u\u017eivala poseban politi\u010dki i upravni polo\u017eaj, jo\u0161 od 1779. godine, kada je postala corpus separatum, zasebno tijelo povezano s ugarskom krunom. Ideja o \u0161irokoj rije\u010dkoj autonomiji zato nije nastala preko no\u0107i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MIR, NA\u017dALOST, NIJE POTRAJAO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Slobodnu Dr\u017eavu Rijeku gotovo su od samog po\u010detka potresali politi\u010dki sukobi izme\u0111u autonoma\u0161a, talijanskih nacionalista, fa\u0161ista i drugih politi\u010dkih skupina. U o\u017eujku 1922. fa\u0161isti\u010dko-nacionalisti\u010dki pu\u010d sru\u0161io je Zanellinu vladu, koja je bila prisiljena oti\u0107i u izbjegli\u0161tvo. Dr\u017eava je nakon toga formalno i dalje postojala, ali vi\u0161e nije imala stabilnu i neovisnu vlast na svojem teritoriju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kona\u010dni rasplet stigao je 1924. godine. Rimskim sporazumima, potpisanima 27. sije\u010dnja, Rijeka i njezina glavna luka pripale su Kraljevini Italiji, dok je Kraljevini SHS potvr\u0111en suverenitet nad Su\u0161akom te lukama Baro\u0161 i Delta. Sporazumi su stupili na snagu 22. velja\u010de 1924., \u010dime je Slobodna Dr\u017eava Rijeka slu\u017ebeno prestala postojati.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Slobodna Dr\u017eava Rijeka postojala je od 1920. do 1924. godine, a njezina kratka povijest bila je obilje\u017eena sukobima, prevratima i velikim silama Zamislite grad u dana\u0161njoj Hrvatskoj koji je po\u010detkom 1920-ih imao vlastitu vladu, zastavu, po\u0161tanske marke i novac u optjecaju. Grad \u010dije su neovisno postojanje prihvatile i podr\u017eavale neke od najmo\u0107nijih dr\u017eava toga vremena […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOvaj hrvatski grad neko\u0107 je bio samostalna dr\u017eava! 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Imao je predsjednika, zastavu, novac i vlastite po\u0161tanske marke - Radio New York","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/radio-newyork.com\/?p=3391","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ovaj hrvatski grad neko\u0107 je bio samostalna dr\u017eava! Imao je predsjednika, zastavu, novac i vlastite po\u0161tanske marke - Radio New York","og_description":"Slobodna Dr\u017eava Rijeka postojala je od 1920. do 1924. godine, a njezina kratka povijest bila je obilje\u017eena sukobima, prevratima i velikim silama Zamislite grad u dana\u0161njoj Hrvatskoj koji je po\u010detkom 1920-ih imao vlastitu vladu, zastavu, po\u0161tanske marke i novac u optjecaju. 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